"This automation can be done by an electrician or nowadays even by middle school students. Schools already provide basic knowledge of development platforms, such as Arduino, and easy programming with IDEs. If you don't have training as an electrician, ask for help: electric shock can be lethal!

This automation doesn't necessarily require a 24V control circuit; it can be done directly using mains power (230V) and connecting the motors in three phases (400V). Even with minimal knowledge of the electrical field, one can experiment with the automation. In that case, relays and contactors must be suitable for mains power. Ensure proper grounding, protect the motor with a thermal relay, and ensure system safety with a residual-current device (RCD). Use cable glands for wire strain relief.

Three-phase relay markings: power terminals L1, L2, L3 (old markings R, S, T); N = neutral (old brown); Pe = protective earth, usually represented by a green-yellow wire (old marking red; nowadays, positive polarity is red).

The motor runs in the opposite direction when you swap L1 and L3 in one of the contactors, meaning you cross the wires.

Not all wires can be connected to the same terminal. In such cases, use a terminal block and jumper wires."

 

 

 

Young people are interested in higher technology. Here are some instructions about artificial intelligence:

A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a specialized type of computer used for controlling and monitoring automation in industrial environments. It typically consists of a microprocessor, memory for storing programs, input and output modules for receiving and sending signals, and interfaces for external devices.

The PLC controller executes programmed logic based on what it has been programmed to do. It can handle inputs such as signals from sensors or limit switches and make decisions based on them according to the program. It can then send commands to output modules, such as relays or other actuators, which control processes or devices.

PLCs are usually designed to withstand harsh industrial environments and can be programmed using various programming languages such as ladder logic, function block diagrams, and text-based languages like structured text. The use of PLC controllers is common in automation, including industrial robotics, manufacturing, and process industries.

 

 

There are several PLC manufacturers offering various PLC solutions for different purposes and industries. Here are some of the most well-known PLC manufacturers:

  1. Siemens: Siemens is one of the world's leading automation and industrial technology companies, offering a wide range of PLC systems for various applications. Their PLC product range includes the SIMATIC series.

  2. Rockwell Automation (Allen-Bradley): Rockwell Automation is another significant PLC manufacturer, and their Allen-Bradley brand offers a wide range of PLC controllers and automation products.

  3. Mitsubishi Electric: Mitsubishi Electric is a renowned PLC manufacturer, providing PLC systems specifically for industrial automation.

  4. Schneider Electric: Schneider Electric offers a wide range of PLC controllers and automation products for different industries. Their Modicon series is one of the most well-known PLC product ranges.

  5. Omron: Omron is another PLC manufacturer offering a variety of automation and control solutions. Their PLC product range includes the CJ1, CJ2, and CP1 series.

  6. ABB: ABB also provides PLC systems and automation solutions for various industries. Their PLC product range includes the AC500 series.

In addition to these, there are several other PLC manufacturers offering various solutions for automation and control applications. Choosing the right PLC manufacturer depends on several factors such as application requirements, available budget, and integration possibilities with other systems.